In 2010 the Government of Montenegro adopted two key documents: “Draft Detailed Spatial Plan for an area of multipurpose accumulations on the Morača river” and “Draft Strategic Environmental Assessment”, developed by the Norwegian consortium COWI, Oslo.
These two documents envisage the construction of four hydropower plants - HPP Andrijevo, HPP Raslovići, HPP Milunovići and HPP Zlatica, with a total installed capacity of 238,4 MW and an average annual production of electricity of 721 GW. The project includes the construction of a dam, access roads, valve house, surge chamber, penstock, power station and other related facilities, the installation of turbines, generators and transformers, and the laying of transmission lines. The construction costs are estimated to EUR 540 million. The Government is in the process of evaluating bids and finalising proposals. However, the DBOT or BOT contractor is yet to be chosen. Subject to the appointment of the contractor, construction works are scheduled to take six years for completion.
Company name: Elektroprivreda Crne Gore JSC Nikšić
Company website: www.epcg.com
Deal value: EUR 540 million
On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.Electricity produced from coal has no future, regardless of how much the advocates of coal-fired power plants call for supply security and problems with balancing the variable production from renewable energy sources - the wind and the sun, Association of Energy Sector Specialists President Nikola Rajakovic has said regarding the energy crisis and energy transition in Serbia. "Increasing electricity production from renewable sources, along with measures for increasing energy efficiency and decarbonization of energy production and consumption, constitute the backbone of the energy transition and the obligations Serbia took on by joining the Energy Community and accepting climate agreements," said professor Rajakovic.Modern societies are founded on digitization and the Internet as the keys to communication and management, while in the near future they will also be based on solar and wind energy, as well as the digitized mobility of autonomous electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. "The energy sector is one of the most important branches of the economy in Serbia, while the concept of present-day energy in Serbia is still based on the economic paradigm of the 1970s, which is characterized by an energy intensive and inefficient use of energy in the sectors of heating, transportation and final use of electricity," said Rajakovic.In electricity production, as he put it, Serbia predominantly relies on lignite-fired thermal power plants with low efficiency, and so the energy sector is the main polluter of air, water and soil and jeopardizes the environment and human health.The Serbian energy sector, in his words, also has a dominant impact on greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for more than 70% of total emissions.Today's energy infrastructure, both in Serbia and the region, definitely cannot meet the demands of sustainable development in the 21st century, he said, and the risks of climate change to Serbia's sustainable development are obvious and threaten to endanger energy and other infrastructure, agricultural production, the accessibility of water, and public health."The functioning of the power system in current liberalized market conditions, with the introduction of competition and forming of electricity prices at an economically sustainable level, is definitely a prerequisite for an energy transition," Rajakovic said.He pointed out that it was "clear that the energy policy and energy crossroads have for decades been among the key issues of modern civilization."The complexity of the challenges energy faces today is, in his words, such that it requires even more thought-out teamwork and regional connectivity because room for maneuver for optimal solutions is limited primarily by climate change, but also by the available natural resources, economic limitations and available technologies."Finding optimal solutions in the multidisciplinary energy sector in transitional circumstances is definitely a very complex and broad problem, and in the 21st century the development of every country will depend on its capacity to adapt to new trends, the uncertainties of change and the challenges it brings," said Rajakovic.He added that the international community's response to climate change was the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (in 2015).The energy development guidelines, as he put it, should be based on sustainable development policies, taking into account supply security, price competitiveness, energy availability and sustainability in terms of climate change and in terms of environmental protection, with the efficient use of resources and clean energy. A targeted increase in the sector's efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources may, according to him, simultaneously result in making energy a driver of stability and sustainable economic development, with the fulfillment of obligations taken on as regards the EU energy policies.The secondary effects, according to him, will lead to an increase in sustainable development, a reduction of public debt and an increase in the sector's competitiveness, and so the energy transition should be seen as an opportunity for development.Rajakovic further said that the concept of sustainable energy development could conspicuously affect the development of the Serbian economy and the region's economies because the energy sector was very powerful and one of the few which still had the power to launch an intensive economic recovery, and was simultaneously linked to the accompanying industries."The process of decarbonizing energy, which is to be completed in Europe by 2050, should be planned urgently and its implementation should be systematically initiated both in Serbia and the region in the next few years," said Rajakovic.He went on to say that the implementation of the necessary reforms and the energy sector's transformation were complex political, economic, technical and social processes which called for a consensus of numerous interested parties.Seeing as the energy transition, in Rajakovic's words, causes negative social consequences for certain social groups, especially due to a reduction of production and coal use, fair transition programs need to be planned and applied, which include the economic restructuring of the regions of Serbia that are highly dependent on fossil fuels and lignite exploitation.The term "green growth" or "green economy" are, according to him, often used as synonyms for an energy transition, while that process entails a radical transformation of the energy sector which is based on decarbonization and digitization.It is important, as he put it, for the energy transition to be fair from the aspect of all participants, which could partially be achieved through the decentralization and democratization of the sector and the inclusion of buyers as active participants in energy markets, simultaneously as producers and consumers."For Serbia's electricity sector, decarbonization means gradually abandoning the use of lignite and switching to domestic renewable sources, solar energy, wind power and biomass energy which will, together with the development of hydropotential, partially enable Serbia to become energy independent," said Rajakovic.Specific plans with deadlines for shutting down all thermal power plants in the next few decades need to be prepared, he said, because taxes on CO2 emissions will certainly make the operation of those blocks economically unsustainable. That would also mitigate the environmental burden they place on Serbia.Decentralization, in his words, entails the distribution of production in terms of geography and location, solar panels on roofs and small distributed solar power plants, which will bring energy co-ops additional democratization, or even the demonopolization of the electricity production sector."Digitization in a broader sense refers to the introduction of hardware and software for managing smart energy infrastructure, which entails the application of smart network technologies. For Serbia, digitization definitely creates serious economic chances as well, particularly for the innovative export-oriented economy," said Rajakovic.In the European Green Deal (EU GD), adopted for EU citizens, the European Commission, as he put it, reaffirms its commitment to dealing with global climate and environmental challenges, which is considered the main task of this generation.The EU GD, according to him, is a new growth strategy whereby the EU intends to transform into a just and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, with zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 and economic growth not tied to the exploitation of resources.That is why this is the right time to accelerate the energy transition process in Serbia and that is why it needs to be recognized as an opportunity to secure more sustainable growth and development by switching more quickly to renewable energy sources and implementing digitization and decarbonization.On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.
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On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.Electricity supply to consumers in Kosovo is currently stable, while prices on the European markets have begun to decrease and that in turn increases price stability, BETA has learned from the Kosovo Ministry of Economy, which is also in charge of energy. There have been no major investments in Kosovo's electricity sector since the construction of two production units of the Kosovo B power plant - block A in 1983 and block B in 1984, while the Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK) has secured some lignite reserves. "Kosovo does not have other fuel reserves except minimal stockpiles of fuel oil. Given that domestic production from existing power plants and other renewable sources does not cover domestic demand, there is a need for imports when demand rises," Ministry representatives said.The Kosovo energy system relies on market capacities, which are more accessible now because imports can be arranged through a new 400 kV interconnection with Albania, the officials added.Electricity prices for regulated consumers, in the absence of "proper" market functioning, are set by the Energy Regulatory Office and according to a decision made in October this year, electricity tariffs in Kosovo will remain the same for the course of this tariff year, which lasts until April 2022."Estimates say that the defined tariffs, which will cover the maximum revenues permitted, will enable regulated operators to perform operative functions in optimal conditions and will ensure that buyers get a stable supply," the Ministry officials said.Last year, as they put it, 15% of electricity needs were met from renewable energy sources, but since production depends on the weather its effect on Kosovo's overall energy production may change on an annual basis.The total capacity of electricity production in Kosovo in 2020 was 1,110 MW, 960 MW or 86.5% of which came from power plants, while the rest was from renewable energy sources in hydropower plants, wind power plants and photovoltaic panels.In 2021, several other capacities were included in electricity production. The Energy Regulatory Office is continuously gathering data on their production, which it will unveil in 2022.The Economy Ministry reps said that in the event of shortages and an energy price hike, with the approval of maximum permitted revenues and tariffs, the Energy Regulatory Office would also take into account an increase in import prices, which are beyond operators' control."However, an increase in revenues, as a result of increased electricity production, has neutralized the total costs of electricity supply and so the permitted revenues will not reflect an electricity price hike for end consumers in the tariff year of 2021, whereas they will be assessed for the tariff year of 2022," the officials added.At the same time, they pointed out, bearing in mind the non-functioning of the energy boundary between Kosovo and Serbia, the entire cross-border capacity will not be enough to secure the necessary imports, and so consumers are recommended to use electricity efficiently.Kosovo's great dependence on electricity imports is also expected in the period of a capital overhaul of the Kosovo B power plant's production units in 2022 and 2023, so the line ministry said electricity tariffs may rise.On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.
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On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.The Montenegrin Elektroprivreda company is not considering rolling blackouts nor a hike in electricity prices for households and businesses, despite prices being five times lower than the market price, BETA was told by the company.Elektroprivreda Crne Gore has said that it is operating rationally for now and maintainining regular supplies to homes and businesses, without additional losses.A statement said that the price on the stock exchange had reached over EUR200 per Mwh (megawatt hour) while the price of electricity to homes and small businesses is EUR43 per Mwh.“Of course the current situation is having an increasing impact on Elektroprivreda Crne Gore’s business dealings and the instability of electricity prices will force us to bring certain decisions more carefully,” the company said.It added that the time was coming when Montenegro would not have to buy electricity when the hydrological situation was normal.“Extreme drought combined with a serious crash at the Pljevlja coal-fired electricity plant could threaten the company’s solvency, because of large imports, but these are truly hard to believe scenarios,” the company said.The Perucica and Piva hydroelectricity power plants produced 1,438 Gwh (gigawatt hours) this year, which is 23 percent more than planned.The Pljevlja power plant produced 875 Gwh of electricity in the first three quarters which is 15 percent less year-on-year and the reason for that was that it fell out of the system due to minor technical issues.Elektropriveda resorts to buying electricity during overhauls of the Pljevlja power plant or when the plant falls out of the system.The reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants currently hold 220 Gwh worth of power which is 36 percent less than planned.“Elektroprivreda plans on importing around 700 Gwh of electricity which is 34 percent less than last year but the costs will be 64 percent higher, due to a jump in prices,” representatives told BETA.Elektroprivreda Crne Gore has framework outline contracts with around 20 companies, traders and manufacturers and is connected to neighboring states and, therefore, the rest of Europe, via its transmission grid and interconnecting overhead power lines.The pillar of its electricity system, the Pljevlja hydropower plant, currently generates 60 percent of Montenegro’s energy needs.On the occasion of the 1000th edition of Beta Monitor, a specialized economic bulletin focused on South East European countries, Beta News Agency is releasing a series of articles on energy available free of charge on www.beta.rs in Serbian and on www.betabriefing.com in English.
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